Module 8 - Ch 23

2) What factors contributed to economic globalization in the second half of the twentieth century?

There were a large amount of factors in total that helped contribute the economic globalization of the second half of the twentieth century. First and foremost, the capitalist victors of World War II where completely determined to avoid returning to the conditions that took place during the depression era., Additionally, the implementation of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund help lead the way for globalization in the post war era. The system that these funds developed promoted relatively free trade, stable currency values linked to the US Dollar, and high levels of capital investment which are all major factors that supported globalization. Technology also played a major factor in accelerating economic globalization more than ever before. The internet played a major factor that was needed for communication for global economic interaction. Ultimately, this economic-globalization was made possible by a number of technological advances as well as a fear of repeating mistakes from the past.

8) What distinguished feminism in the industrialized countries from that in the Global South?

The second wave of feminism that arose in these industrialized countries had placed a large emphasis on employment and education. Women began to become aware of their own oppression and began to look down upon the historical patriarchal domination. Additionally, women of the west brought into discussion issues involving sexuality, lesbianism and celibacy, believing that these ideas all deserve the same respect as heterosexual marriage. However women in the Global South faced different experiences than these women in the West, because their oppression was not directly related to their gender. Many of these women did not support the concerns that started European and American feminism. Women's rights movements in the Global South took shape around a wide range of issues, not all of which were only gender based. This was the main difference between the feminism in the industrialized countries and that of the Global South. 

10) From what sources did Islamic renewal movements derive?

The were multiple factors in which Islamic renewal movements were driven by. There was a growing number of Muslims that wanted to renew and create a religious and political order. The main thing that gave these movements strength were the enormous disappointments that had accumulated in the Muslim world by the 1970's. These disappointments came from conquest and colonial rule, awareness of the huge technological gap between Islamic and European civilizations, the disappearance of the Ottoman Empire, and the retreat of Islam for many to the realm of private life. Many leading figured began to insist that the Quran and Sharia law provided a guide for all of life. Additionally, Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood advocated that government will act in conformity to the law and Islamic Principles. Ultimately, by the 1970's ideas and organizations that favored Islamization of the private life had widely spread across the Islamic world, expressing itself in many ways.