Ch 16 Part 2 + Documents

The echoes of the Atlantic Revolutions could be seen in Europe as smaller revolutionary eruptions occurred which included ideas 1of republicanism, greater social equality, and national liberation from social rule. The larger states of Western Europe, the United States, and Argentina generally granted universal male suffrage by 1914. Additionally the three major movements that developed were the abolition of slavery, independence from foreign rule, and feminism.

The abolition of slavery movement first started when enlightenment thinkers became increasingly critical of slavery and how it violated natural rights. Also the new thinking that slavery was not essential for economic progress made the arguments against slavery even more acceptable. Britain abolished slavery throughout its empire in 1833 and The Great Jamaican revolt played a major part in this. Most Latin American countries abolished slavery by the 1850s. Although slavery was abolished in many places these new people did not receive any political equality. Additionally, in West and East African abolition from other countries increased the use within the African societies. In the Islamic world, slavery was not outlawed until the twentieth century.

The Atlantic Revolutions also gave rise to powerful ideas of nationalism throughout the world. This idea inspired the unification of both Germany and Italy. Additionally, the Greeks and Serbs declared their independence from the Ottoman Empire. Many other nations throughout the world were effected by new nationalistic beliefs. Governments claimed to act on behalf of their nations and wanted to instill loyalty in their citizens. Nationalism in politics put all the emphasis on "the people". Japanese and Egyptian nationalism broadly grew in the nineteenth century, however other places in Asia and Africa had to wait until the twentieth century.

The last echo of the Atlantic Revolutions that is discussed in the book is the beginning of the feminist movements. The challenge against patriarchy began in Europe and North America in the nineteenth century and then blew up in the twentieth century. Enlightenment thinkers challenged ancient traditions of women's intrinsic inferiority. Because the middle class was growing women began finding freedom from household restrictions as well as even finding educational opportunities.Women began developing ideas that they were individuals with rights that were equal to men. The growth of feminism was faced with bitter opposition, with professionals claiming that women being outside the home would cause reproductive damage. Feminists were viewed as selfish because they were "not willing to sacrifice for their families". The growth of feminism in the nineteenth century raised issues that would be much more echoed in the twentieth century. t